Analyzing the regulatory system in Russian electricity industry and ‎policy recommendations for Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Azimzadeh Arani 1
Moin Ahmadi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Electricity and Energy Economics, Niro Research Institute, ‎Tehran, Iran‎
2 Master's student in Energy Systems Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
10.30503/ewl.2024.197782
Abstract
Until the 1980s, the electricity industry in most countries was vertically integrated and mainly run by state-owned companies. Over time, technological advancements significantly reduced the optimal scale of production, the amount of initial investment required for construction, and the time required for construction, and gradually, countries such as the England, through the process of restructuring, provided the basis for this industry to become more competitive. The regulatory system played a significant role in the restructuring process, and Russia can also carry out significant activities in the field of regulation, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and play an important role in reducing the monopoly structure of this industry. This article is organized in three parts with analytical-descriptive method. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical framework in the field of regulatory instruments and institutions, and in the second part, the regulatory system of the Russian electricity industry is analyzed. The third part also provides solutions for Iran's electricity industry. The findings show that changes in the Russian regulatory system, especially in the electricity sector, have taken place at the highest levels of legislation through the establishment of federal laws, and in order to move from the existing situation to the desired situation, laws for The transition period has been approved. Therefore for Iran's electricity sector, it is necessary to make substantive changes in our key laws, such as the Iran Electricity Organization Act.
Keywords
Competition؛ Russia؛ &lrm
Federal Antimonopoly &lrm
Service؛ Non-Profit Market &lrm
Council؛ Regulatory &lrm
Bodies.&lrm
  1. فارسی
  2. بازرگان، عباس (1387). مقدمه‏ای بر روش‏های تحقیق کیفی و آمیخته. تهران: نشر دیدار.
  3. راغفر، حسین (1385). "ابعاد اقتصاد نظم‏بخشی در رقابت و خصوصی‏سازی"، تهران: مرکز پژوهش‏های مجلس، دفتر مطالعات اقتصادی.
  4. رستمی، ولی؛ لیلی مقیمی (1396). "بررسی چگونگی تشکیل نهادهای تنظیم مقررات انرژی در کشور با رویکرد تطبیقی"، مطالعات حقوق انرژی، 3 (2)، ص. 219-254.
  5. رشوند بوکانی، مهدی (1390). حقوق رقابت در فقه امامیه، حقوق ایران و اتحادیه اروپا.تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق (ع).
  6. ساردوئی نسب، محمد؛ هادی قائمی (1399). "تنظیم‏گری بازار برق اروپایی"، مطالعات حقوق انرژی، 6 (1)، ص. 133-152.
  7. شریفی، رضا و ایمان رمضانی (1402)، بررسی تجدیدساختار صنعت برق در کشورهای منتخب و پیشنهادهایی برای ایران، شماره مسلسل: 19310.
  8. عظیم‏زاده آرانی، محمد (1401)، مقدمه‏ای بر تنظیم‏گری و اقتصاد ملی؛ مورد کاوی تنظیم‏گری بخش انرژی و صنعت گاز ایران، تهران، نشر نهادگرا، چاپ اول
  9. فاستر، ویوین و انشول رانا (1400)، بازاندیشی اصلاحات بخش برق در کشورهای در حال توسعه، ترجمه کیومرث حیدری، حسن مردانی، سولماز عبدالهی و زهرا مدیحی، نشر شیوه.
  10. فقیه عبدالهی، ام لیلا و روح‏ الله مؤذنی (1397)، بررسی نهادهای تنظیم کننده بازار برق در حقوق ایران و ایالات متحده آمریکا، پژوهش حقوق عمومی، دوره 19، شماره 54
  11. معاونت برنامه ریزی و امور اقتصادی وزارت بازرگانی (1384)، لایحه قانون رقابت: مبانی نظری و تجربی کشورها، شرکت چاپ و نشر بازرگانی، چاپ اول
  12. نیلی مسعود و همکاران (1390)، تدوین طرح جامع شرکت ملی گاز ایران، پژوهشکده مطالعات اقتصادی و صنعتی شریف
  13. نیلی، مسعود و همکاران (1389)، بررسی مبانی نظری و تجربی خصوصی‏سازی بخش توزیع نیروی برق، پژوهشکده مطالعات اقتصادی و صنعتی دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
  14. ودادی کلانتر، سعید؛ کیقبادی، مهدی؛ ذهتاب، مهدی و معین احمدی (1398)، "تشریح سـازوکـار بازار برق روسیه از دید حاکمیتــی و سیاســت‏گـــذاری" ، اندیشکده حکمرانی انرژی و منابع ایران
  15. ودادی کلانتر، سعید و کیقبادی، مهدی و زهتاب، امید و معین احمدی، (1397)، ،بررسی سازوکار بازار برق روسیه و ارائه پیشنهادهای سیاستی برای بازار برق ایران،دومین کنفرانس حکمرانی و سیاستگذاری عمومی،تهران.
  16. لاتین
  17. Boute, Anatole (2013). “The Russian Electricity Market Reform: Toward the Reregulation of the Liberalized Market?”, Evolution of Global Electricity Markets: New Paradigms, New Challenges, New Approaches, PP. 461-496, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397891-2.00016-X.
  18. Kuleshov, D., Viljainen, S., Annala, S., & Gore, O. (2012). "Russian electricity sector reform: Challenges to retail competition", Utilities Policy, 23, PP. 40-49, Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2012.05.001.
  19. Dunne, N. (2015). Competition Law and Economic Regulation: Making and Managing Markets. Cambridge University Press.
  20. Veselov & P. Sulama (2015), “Russian electricity market – a review”
  21. Fox, E.M and Sullivian, L.A (1989), “Cases and Materials on Antitrust, London”.
  22. International Energy Agency (2014), russia 2014.
  23. Josefson, J; Rotar, A & Morgan Lewis (2019), “Electricity regulation in the Russian Federation: overview”, available at:https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com
  24. Kahn, Alfred E. (1988) the Economics of Regulation: Principles and Institutions. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  25. Kristiansen, Tarjei, (2011), “the Russian Power Market, International Association for Energy Economics” (IAEE).
  26. Kirsanov, Sergey & Safonov, Evgeny & Ramirez, Sandra. (2016). ‘Natural Monopoly in Russia: State Regulation Problems’. Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management. 5. 10.1515/bjreecm-2017-0010.
  27. Lehman, D.E. Privatization. (2001), “Restructuring, and Regulation of Network Utilities”, Review of Industrial Organization 19, 497–500. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012560412155.
  28. Letova, Ksenia & Yao, Rui & Davidson, Mikhail & Afanasyeva, Ekaterina, (2018). “A review of electricity markets and reforms in Russia ”, Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 84-93.
  29. Manuela, M. (2006), on the Origins of the Concept of Natural Monopoly, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
  30. Mulder, M. (2020), “Regulation of Energy Markets: Economic Mechanisms and Policy Evaluation”. (1 ed.) (Lecture Notes in Energy; Vol. 80). Springer International Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58319-4
  31. Chernenko, N. (2013), “The Russian Electricity Supply Industry: from Reform to Reform?,” Cambridge Working Papers in Economics1342, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
  32. OECD Report, (2002), Restructuring Public Utilities for Competition
  33. OECD Report, (2005), “Russian Electricity Reform: Emerging Challenges And Opportunities”. Paperback
  34. Ogus, A.I (1994), Regulation: Legal Forms and Economic Theory, Oxford University Press.
  35. Olga Gore, Satu Viljainen, Mari Makkonen, Dmitry Kuleshov (2012), “Russian electricity market reform: Deregulation or re-regulation?”, Energy Policy, Volume 41,Pages 676-685, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.031.
  36. RF State Committee on Antimonopoly Policy and Arlo Schultz (1997), “The Development of Market Competition in the Russian Federation”, Russian & East European Finance and Trade, Vol. 33, No. 1, Competition Policy and Financial-Industrial Groups in Russia, 1997.
  37. Roberts, Peter, (2014), Gas and LNG Sales and Transportation Agreements: Principles and Practice, Fourth Edition, Published by Thomson Reuters.
  38. Rodriguez, Pardina, Martin and Schiro Julieta (2018), “Taking Stock of Economic Regulation of Power Utilities in the Developing World : A Literature Review”. Policy Research Working Paper;No.8461. World Bank, Washington, https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29890 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
  39. Spence David B. (2008), “Can Law Manage Competitive Energy Markets”. Cornell Law Review, Volume 93.
  40. Summanen, Tuomo & Arminen, Heli, (2018). “Ownership unbundling in electricity distribution: The Russian experience,” Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1199-1210.
  41. Tompson, William. (2004). “Restructuring Russia’s Electricity Sector: Towards Effective Competition or Faux Liberalisation?”. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.627884.
  42. Walsten, Scott. (2003), “Regulation And Privitization In Telecommunications Reforms”. the journal of policy reform, volume 6. issue 4.
  43. Wilson, J; Capelik, V & Arlo Schultz, (1997), “Natural Monopolies in Russia: The History and Prospects of the Regulatory System”, Russian & East European Finance and Trade Vol. 33, No. 2, Natural Monopoly, Finance, and Competition Policy.
  44. http://government.ru/department/605/about/
  45. http://kremlin.ru/structure/regulation/29
  46. http://www.atsenergo.ru/ats/about/reports
  47. https://globalcompetitionreview.com/insight/enforcer-hub/2021/organization-profile/russia-federal-antimonopoly-service